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The substantive laws governing trusts in New York are primarily found in which law?

  1. Family Law.

  2. Estates, Powers and Trusts Law.

  3. Property Law.

  4. Commercial Transaction Law.

The correct answer is: Estates, Powers and Trusts Law.

The substantive laws governing trusts in New York are primarily found in the Estates, Powers and Trusts Law (EPTL). This body of law specifically addresses the formation, administration, and termination of trusts within the state. It provides detailed regulations about the various types of trusts, the rights and duties of trustees, and the interests of beneficiaries, thereby creating a comprehensive legal framework for trust activities in New York. The other options, while addressing important areas of law, do not specifically focus on trusts. Family Law primarily concerns matters related to marriage, divorce, child custody, and similar issues, rather than the management and establishment of trusts. Property Law deals with ownership rights and real estate transactions but does not delve into the specifics of trusts and their respective governance. Commercial Transaction Law focuses on business activities and the sale of goods, which again is not relevant to the governance of trusts. Thus, the Estates, Powers and Trusts Law is the specific statute that encapsulates the rules and doctrines governing trusts, making it the correct answer.